A Grammar of the Italian Language

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

ALPHABET - p. 1

Pronunciation of the Vowels - p. 2

Pronunciation of Consonants - p. 3

Pronunciation of double Consonants - p. 4

Pronunciation of Diphthongs and Triphthongs - p. 5

ARTICLES - p. 6

Exercise I - p. 9

Use of the Definite Article - p. 10

Indefinite Article - p. 11

Exercise II - p. 12

SUBSTANTIVE NOUNS - p. 13

Exercise Ill - p. 17

Formation of the plural of Nouns - p. 17

Variations from the general rules of Nouns - p. 18

Exercise IV - p. 22

ADJECTIVE NOUNS - p. 23

Comparatives - p. 24

Superlatives - p. 26

Exercise V - p. 27

NUMERALS, Cardinal and Ordinal numbers - p. 28

Observations upon numerals - p. 30

Collective numbers - p. 31

Distributive numbers - p. 32

Idioms, days of the week, months of the year - pp. 32, 33

Exercise VI - p. 33

Augmentatives and Diminutives - p. 34

Exercise VII - p. 39

PRONOUNS, Personal and Conjunctive - p. 40

Observations on the Conjunctive Pronouns - p. 43

Table of the compound Conjunctives - p. 45

Exercise VIII - p. 46

Remarks on the Particles, ne, ci, vi - p. 48

Exercise IX - p. 50

Possessive Pronouns - p. 51

Observations upon the manner of addressing a person - p. 55

Exercise X - p. 56

Demonstrative Pronouns - p. 57

Exercise XI - p. 61

Relative Pronouns - p. 62

Interrogative Pronouns - p. 64

Exercise XII - p. 65

Indefinite Pronouns - p. 66

Exercise XIII - p. 71

VERBS - p. 72

Conjugation of the auxiliary verbs Avére and E'ssere - p. 73

Exercise XIV - p. 76

Conjugation of the Regular Verbs of the 1st, 2d, and 3d conjugation  - p. 77

Exercise XV - p. 80

General observations upon Verbs both Regular and Irregular - p. 81

The Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative, and Interrogative-Negative form - p. 81

The First Conjugation - p. 82

The Second Conjugation - p. 83

The Third Conjugation - p. 85

Exercise XVI - p. 86

IRREGULAR VERBS - p. 87

First Conjugation, Andáre, Dáre, Fáre, and Stáre - p. 88

Exercise XVII - p. 90

Irregular Verbs of the 2d Conjugation - p. 91

Table of the Irregular Verbs of the 2d Conjugation - p. 93

Bére, Tacére, Cadére, Sedére, Vedére - pp. 94-97

Exercise XVIl - p. 98

Dolére, Valére, Volére, Rimanére - pp. 100-102

Exercise XIX - p. 103

Tenére, Sapére, Parére, Potére, Dovére - pp. 104-107

Exercise XX - p. 108

Assórbere, Condúcere, Cuócere, Lúcere, Nuócere, Tórcere, Vincere - pp. 109-112

Exercise XXI - p. 112

Cédere, Rídere, Méttere, Piángere - pp. 113-115

Exercise XXII - p. 115

Léggere, Tógliere, Estínguere, Esígere, Esprímere, Redímere - pp. 117-119

Exercise XXIII - p. 119

Aréllere, Assúmere, Féndere, Préndere, Ponere - pp. 120-122

Exercise XXIV - p. 123

Fóndere, Rómpere, Córrere, Trarre, Créscere - pp. 124-126

Exercise XXV - p. 126

Náscere, Assístere, Avértere, Discútere, Scuótere - pp. 128-129

Exercise XXVI - p. 130

Muóvere, Scrívere, Sólvere, Vívere - pp. 131-133

Exercise XXVII - p. 133

Irregular Verbs of the 3d Conjugation - p. 134

Apparíre, Comparíre, Apríre, Bollíre, Convertíre, Cucíre, Díre, Digeríre, Esauríre - pp. 135-137

Exercise XXVIII - p. 137

Offeríre, Profferíre, Salíre, Seguíre, Seppellíre, Udíre, Uscíre, Veníre - pp. 139-142

Exercise XXIX - p. 142

Defective Verbs - p. 143

Arrógere, Calére, Consúmere, Espéllere, Férvere, Lécere, Riédere, Solére - pp. 144-145

Exercise XXX - p. 145

GENERAL REMARKS UPON VERBS

Infinitives - p. 147

Exercise XXXI - p. 151

Gerunds - p. 152

Exercise XXXII - p. 154

Participles, present and past - p. 155

Exercise XXXIII - p. 158

Present of the Indicative - p. 159

Imperfect - p. 160

Perfect and Future - p. 162

Exercise XXXIV - p. 163

Subjunctive - p. 165

Exercise XXXV - p. 169

Remark on the Passive Verbs and the Particle Si - p. 170

Exercise XXXVI - p. 173

Use of the Auxiliary Verbs - p. 175

Exercise XXXVII - p. 176

ADVERBS - p. 177

Exercise XXXVIII - p. 180

PREPOSITIONS - p. 181

Exercise XXXIX - p. 184

CONJUNCTIONS - p. 185

Exercise XL - p. 187

Conjunctions governing the Subjunctive - p. 188

Remarks on the Conjunction Se - p. 189

INTERJECTIONS - p. 190

Exercise XLI - p. 191

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APPENDIX.

Rules concerning the different sounds of the Vowel E - p. 193

List of words of the same Orthography, but of different meaning, according to the different sound of the E - p. 196

Rules regulating the different sounds of the Vowel O - p. 197

List of words of the same Orthography, but of different meaning, according to the different sound of O - p. 199

Rules for the pronunciation of the Consonant S - p. 201

List of words in which the S must be pronounced soft - p. 203

Rules for the pronunciation of the Consonant Z - p. 205

List of words in which the Z must be pronounced soft - p. 206

List of Nouns ending in a which are of both genders - p. 208

List of Nouns ending in a which are masculine - p. 209

List of Nouns ending in e which are of both genders - p. 210

List of Nouns which, although their termination co and go is preceded by a Vowel, take an h in the plural - p. 210

List of Nouns ending in co, go, which in the plural are indifferently written with or without h - p. 211

List of Nouns which hare one singular, and two plurals - p. 211

List of Nouns which are masculine in the singular, and feminine in the plural - p. 212

Feminine Nouns having two singulars, and two plurals - p. 212

List of Verbs of the 2d conjugation having a double termination in the perfect - p. 212

List of Verbs of the 2d conjugation having only the termination éi - p. 211

List of Verbs of the 3d conjugation that have the termination ísco only - p. 213

List of Verbs of the 3d conjugation that have both termination in o and isco - p. 219

List of Verbs conjugated like Tacére - p. 220

List of Verbs conjugated like Vedére - p. 220

List of Verbs conjugated like Tenére - p. 221

List of Verbs conjugated like Condúcere - p. 221

List of Verbs conjugated like Tórcere - p. 221

List of Verbs conjugated like Víncere - p. 221

List of Verbs conjugated like Rídere - p. 222

List of Verbs conjugated like Méttere - p. 222

List of Verbs conjugated like Piángere - p. 223

List of Verbs conjugated like Léggere - p. 225

List of Verbs conjugated like Tógliere - p. 225

List of Verbs conjugated like Esprímere - p. 226

List of Verbs conjugated like Préndere - p. 226

List of Verbs conjugated like Pónere - p. 227

List of Verbs conjugated like Fóndere - p. 227

List of Verbs conjugated like Córrere - p. 227

List of Verbs conjugated like Trárre - p. 228

List of Verbs conjugated like Créscere - p. 228

List of Verbs conjugated like Scrívere - p. 228

List of Verbs conjugated like Nívere - p. 229

List of Verbs conjugated like Díre - p. 229

List of Verbs conjugated like Veníre - p. 229

List of defective Verbs used mostly in poetry - p. 230

List of Verbs that rule the infinitive with the preposition di - p. 233

List of past Participles which are contracted - p. 234

List of intransitive and impersonal Verbs conjugated with E'ssere - p. 236

List of intransitive and impersonal verbs conjugated with both E'ssere and Avére - p. 236

List of Verbs governing the Genitive whatever case or preposition they may govern in English - p. 237

List of Verbs governing the Dative whatever case or Preposition they govern in English - p. 238

Verbs that govern the Dative of the Person and the Accusative of the Thing - p. 238

Verbs governing different cases - p. 239

List of simple Adverbs in common use - p. 240

List of adverbial expressions in common use - p. 242

List of Prepositions with the cases they govern - p. 243

Poetical Licenses - p. 244