A comparative practical Grammar of French, Spanish and Italian

GRAMMATICAL INDEX
[References are to sections unless otherwise indicated]
ADJECTIVES
Agreement and forms, p. 4; agreement with plural noun, p. 7a; agreement with Fr. Vous, p. 16b
Apocopation, p. 40
Comparison, pp. 206-210; irregular, p. 212
Demonstrative, p. 102
Indefinite, p. 125, p. 126; expressions of quantity, pp. 126, 128, 129, 149
Interrogative, pp. 47, 167
Irregular adjectives:
French:
feminine of adjs, ending in -e, p. 6a; in -f, p. 41a; in -x, p. 44c; in -c, p. 44c; in -l, -s or -t, p. 44e; in -er, p. 44f plural of adjs. ending in -eau or -eu, p. 44a; in -al, p. 44b; in -s, -x or -z, p. 44d beau, nouveau, vieux, p. 41b
Spanish:
adjectives not ending in -o, p. 6b; adjs. ending in -án, -ón or -or and adjs. of nationality ending in a consonant, p. 45
bueno, malo, uno, p. 40a grande, santo, p. 40c
Italian:
adjectives in -e, p. 6c bello, buono, uno, p. 40b grande, santo, p. 40d orthographic and sound changes, p. 81
Numeral, see NUMERALS
Position, p. 39
Possessive, p. 113, pp. 115-123a
Verbal adjectives, p. 202

ADVERBS
ci, vi, p. 28
Comparison, p. 211
here, there, p. 101
of manner, p. 194
Position, p. 195
Y, (Fr.), p. 28
(see Word Index)

ARTICLE, DEFINITE
Forms and agreement, p. 5
Used with each noun to which it refers, p. 5e
Combined with preposition, p. 22
With titles p. 31
With name of a language, p. 33
With days of the week, p. 93
Spanish neuter lo, p. 106
With names of countries, etc., p. 111; cities, p. 112

Use and omission with Italian possessive adjs., pp. 115, 122
Use and omission with possessive pronouns, pp. 114, 124
Use and omission with Sp. Otro, p. 125e, f
Use in place of possessive adj., p. 152
Use with a descriptive characteristic, p. 152d
Use with nouns in a general sense, p. 228a
Use to express measure, p. 228b
Often omitted before a noun in apposition, p. 228c
Use and omission with names, p. 231b, c
Spanish el replacing la, p. 123b

ARTICLE, INDEFINITE
Forms and agreement, p. 8a
Used with each noun to which il refers, p. 8b
Use and omission with predicate nominative, pp. 87, 88
Omission with Sp. cierto, p. 170
Often omitted before a noun in apposition, p. 229

NOUNS
Dative case, p. 25
Descriptive, p. 203
Direct object, Spanish, p. 26
Gender, 2; common gender, pp. 7b, 232b
Indirect object, p. 25
Plurals:
Regular, p. 3
Irregular:
French:
nouns in -eau, -au, -eu and -ou, p. 44a
nouns in -al, p. 44b
nouns in -s, -x or -z, p. 44d
Spanish:
nouns with consonant ending, p. 6b
other nouns, p. 233
Italian:
nouns in -e, p. 6c
orthographic and sound changes, p. 81
nouns in -o with irregular plural, p. 158
other nouns, p. 234
Personal names, p. 231a
Suffixes, pp. 270- 273
NUMERALS
Cardinal, pp. 42, 218
Ordinal, pp. 219, 221
Fractions, p. 224

PHONETIC CHANGES,
pp. 21, 38, 43, 50, 58, 65, 85, 94, 100, 141
PREPOSITIONS
Combined with definite article, p. 22
Possession indicated by, p. 23
Translation of in and on, p. 32
Fr. chez, It. da, p. 92
PRONOUNS
Demonstrative, p. 103; also:
Neuter demonstrative, p. 104
The former… the latter, p. 105
Before of, p. 107
Before relative clauses, p. 172
Sp. pronouns having the form of the def. art., pp. 107, 127a, 172
Indefinite:
Expressions of quantity, pp. 127, 128, 129, 149
Fr. en, It. ne, pp. 48, 68e, 127a
Other indefinites, pp. 125, 127
Interrogative, pp. 27, 47, 120, 166, 167
Numerals, see NUMERALS
Personal:
Subject, p. 9; omission of subject pronouns in Sp. and It., p. 13; in compound subject, p. 84; Fr. ce, p. 87, p.124d; it is I, p. 86; it is mine, p. 124
Conjunctive:
direct and indirect object, pp. 51, 52, 89
indefinite it, p. 53
position of object pronouns, pp. 54, 55, 56, 151;
with imperative, p. 64;
with infinitive, p. 187;
with present participle, p. 199
reflexive, p. 150
Sp. ello, p. 106
Sp. pronoun se replacing le or les, p. 55b
It. me, te, ce and ve replacing mi, ti, ci, and vi, p. 56b; glie replacing gli and le, p. 56b
Disjunctive:
forms, p. 82
use, pp. 83, 86, 89b, 91e
Possessive:
Forms, p. 114
Use, p. 124
Relative pp. 171-178
SUFFIXES, pp. 270-273
VERBS

Agreement with a compound subject, p. 84
Causative, p. 191
Continued action, p. 235
Impersonal verbs describing weather, p. 237
Interrogative sentences, p. 17
It. irregular verbs, remarks, p. 269
Negative sentences, pp. 18, 135-139
Ortographic changes (and It. sound changes), pp. 78-81
Passive voice, pp. 155, 156
Progressive tenses, p. 198
Reciprocal verbs, p. 154
Reflexive verbs, pp. 151, 153; as substitute for passive, p. 155
Spanish radical changing verbs, pp. 35, 61d, 74c, 196c, 245
Verbal adjective, p. 202
INDICATIVE MOOD
Present tense:
use, p. 11
forms, regular, pp. 10, 12
forms, Fr. -ss-, It. -sc- verbs, p. 12
forms, Sp. radical changing verbs, p. 35
forms, Sp. inceptive verbs (ending in -cer or -cir preceded by a vowel), p. 36a
forms, irregular verbs (see also Orthographic changes)
to be, p. 16a
to be acquainted with, p. 37
can, be able to, p. 130
to come, p. 24
croire, p. 57b
to die, p. 36d
to do, make, p. 49
écrire, p. 20
estar (forms and use), p. 19
Fr. verbs with a mute e, p. 140
to give, p. 24
to go, p. 24
to have, p. 15a, c
to know, p. 37
to make, do, p. 49
must, have to, owe, p. 130
oír, footnote p. 66
ouvrir, p. 36c
prendre, p. 34
to put, p. 57a
to read, p. 24
to say, tell, p. 24
to see, p. 36b
Sp. verbs in -uir, p. 268
stare (forms and use), p. 19

to tell, say, p. 24
traer, footnote p. 42
to translate, p. 36a
udire, footnote p. 66
to want (to), wish, p. 130
Imperfect tense, pp. 95-97;
compared with past and present perfect, p. 98
Past tense, pp. 71-76
Future tense, pp. 159-162
Compound tenses:
auxiliary verbs, p. 67
inflection of past participle in, pp. 68, 153
present perfect tense, pp. 67, 69
past perfect tense, pp. 143, 145
second past perfect tense, pp. 144-146
future perfect tense, pp. 163, 164
IMPERATIVE
Polite and 1 st person plural, pp. 59, 62
Sp. radical changing verbs, p. 61d
It. -sc- verbs, p. 62a
irregular verbs, p. 63
Familiar imperative, pp. 274-277
Third person imperative, p. 278; (see also p. 279)
INFINITIVE
Governed by verb, pp. 134, 186, 188-190
As substantive, pp. 180, 184
Depending on noun, pp. 181
Depending on adjective, p. 183
Compared with subjunctive, p. 250
Perfect infinitive, p. 185
PARTICIPLES
Past, p. 66
inflection in compound tenses, pp. 68, 153
of Sp. verbs with stem ending in a vowel, p. 70b
irregular, p. 70
used as adjective, p. 157
used absolutely, p. 201
Present, pp. 196, 197
Perfect, p. 200
PASSIVE VOICE, p. 156; substitutes for, p. 155
CONDITIONAL, pp. 239, 241, 260;
Conditional perfect, pp. 240, 241a
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
Forms:
present, pp. 244, 248; of Sp. radical changing verbs, p. 245; of irregular verbs, p. 249
present perfect, p. 254
past, pp. 255, 256

past perfect, p. 258
Sp. future (forms and use), pp. 266, 267
Use:
general remarks, p. 246;
subjunctive compared with infinitive, p. 250
in noun clauses:
with expressions of command, prohibition, desire, etc., p. 247
with expressions of emotion, p. 251
with expressions of believing, doubting, denying, hoping, etc., p. 252
with impersonal expressions, p. 253
in adjectival clauses, p. 261
in adverbial clauses, p. 262
after indefinite expressions, p. 263
in independent clauses (indicating a wish, etc.), p. 279
sequence of subjunctive tenses, p. 259
Sp. past subjunctive in polite statements, p. 257
Sp subjunctive with ojalá, p. 265
It. subjunctive in indirect questions, p. 264